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Home
> Publications >
Bulletin
Vol. 78
Date:
2012-12
Softcover:250 TWD
Price:
未出版
Pages:
200
Vol.:
0
Size:
16 K
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Abstract:
This issue contains four articles: “Democratic Thought and Vanguardism: Sun Yat-sen’s Political Views in the Republican Period”, by Peter Zarrow;” The Pawnshops of Eighteenth-Century Huizhou Merchants: The Pawnshops of the Wu Family from Mingzhou, Xiuning”, by Feng Yuejian;” Leadership Stuggles over Epidemic Preventive in Harbin, 1910-1911”, by Du Lihong; “Foes or Allies: Merchants and Political Parties in the Canton-Hong Kong Strike of 1925”, by Li Ta-chia; Responses and Discussion:” Rethinking Zhang Taiyan and Modernity: A Response to Professor Wong Young-tsu”, by Viren Murthy‧Ren Zhijun, trans; Book Reviews:” Jin Yilin, Top-Level Factional Politics in the Guomindang: How Chiang Kai-shek Consolidated His Position as “Supreme Leader””, by Wang Ke-Wen; “Ch’i Hsi-sheng, Allies with Daggers Drawn: Sino-American Military Cooperation during the Pacific War (1941-1945)”, by Steve Tsang.
Contents
Articles
Democratic Thought and Vanguardism: Sun Yat-sen’s Political Views in the Republican Period
[Abstract]
Peter Zarrow
PDF
1
The mature political thought of Sun Yat-sen was simultaneously committed to democratic principles and to a vanguardist vision of revolution that influenced his vision of a future constitutional order. Although Sun’s political writings and speeches were often ambiguous and self-contradictory, this article focuses on the main issues of concern to Sun in the 1910s and 1920s. Sun believed in vanguardism before the Guomindang was reorganized as a Leninist party, and he based his vanguardism on a coherent epistemology. From the point of view of liberal democracy, it seems popular sovereignty and vanguardism are in tension. However, illiberal democracy—preserving popular sovereignty while emphasizing strong leadership—was widely attractive to cosmopolitan intellectuals in the early twentieth century, and it was logically based on an optimistic teleology that postulated the world-historical development of democracy.
Keyword
:Sun Yat-sen, vanguardism, revolution, democratic thought, illiberal democracy
The Pawnshops of Eighteenth-Century Huizhou Merchants: The Pawnshops of the Wu Family from Mingzhou, Xiuning
[Abstract]
Feng Yuejian
PDF
29
This article uses newly-discovered documents and account books of the pawnshops of the Wu family from Mingzhou, Xiuning District, in eighteenth-century Huizhou, to analyze issues such as the scope of the business of rural pawnshops, their conditions of operation, the pawn business system, pawnshop organization, composition and treatment of employees, internal management, and so forth. Comparison is made with the pawnbroking business after the late Qing period. The author concludes that due to the pawning of agricultural products, the turnover of pawnshops is not represented by the old cliché “pawn in the spring and redeem in the autumn.” Rather, agricultural production had various effects on the pawnbroking business. The profit rate of the Wu family’s pawnshops was slightly higher than 10%, which is not considered highly profitable. Two forms of business organization, individual proprietorship and partnership, were adopted by the Wu family’s pawnshops, and the pawnshops were operated either by family members or by agents. The pawnshops also had features in common with chain businesses. This article demonstrates that the Chinese pawnshop system was basically established at least by the Qianlong period. The author also suggests that the management of the Wu family’s pawnshops was special insofar as it combined a regulation system with economic methods.
Keyword
:Huizhou merchants, Wu family of Mingzhou, pawnshops, business management, pawnship business system
Leadership Stuggles over Epidemic Preventive in Harbin, 1910-1911
[Abstract]
Du Lihong
PDF
87
In November 1910, when the bubonic plague appeared in Harbin, the Russian and Chinese local authorities agreed to fight the epidemic together. Before long, however, their cooperation was broken due to different perspectives on the epidemic. The Russians tried to intervene in epidemic prevention in the Chinese district of Daowai. The Chinese local government and elites completely refused Russia’s demands. After negotiations, Russians and Chinese decided to isolate Daoli, the Russian district, from Daowai. When the epidemic continued to spread rapidly and the situation worsened, the Qing dynasty faced ever-greater diplomatic pressure, which forced the Foreign Ministry to send Wu Lien-Teh and other Western-educated doctors to Harbin to supervise epidemic prevention. At first, they were treated as outsiders by local officials and elites. Under the pressure of the foreign missions, the medical directive powers of the doctors had been recognized by the local officials in the Manchurian regions through long negotiations with the Foreign Ministry, while the local government in Harbin still presided over diplomatic affairs. Thereafter, the Western Epidemic Preventive Policy set down by Wu was strongly supported by the central and local governments, so that plague prevention policies were carried out smoothly. In sum, the dispute over the leadership of epidemic preventive in Harbin was a complicated process beset by numerous tensions. It cannot be simply summarized as a struggle over sovereignty, nor as the contradiction between traditional Chinese and Western medicine, nor yet as the result of diplomatic pressure.
Keyword
:Harbin, epidemic preventive leadership, Wu Lien-Teh, Sino-Russian diplomay
Foes or Allies: Merchants and Political Parties in the Canton-Hong Kong Strike of 1925
[Abstract]
Li Ta-chia
PDF
125
In support of the May 30 Movement of 1925 in Shanghai, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) instigated the Canton-Hong Kong strike in June. The labor movement then expanded in the wake of the Shameen Incident. This caused Canton and Hong Kong to impose economic blockades against each other. The cooperation between the CCP group in Canton and Nationalist (Guomindang—KMT) government under the control of the KMT-left worried the KMT-right, which reflected merchants’ concerns over the economy. After the assassination of Liao Zhongkai, the KMT-right was weakened as the CCP urged the unity of labor and merchants while making concessions to merchants. Canton thus managed to break away from Hong Kong’s interference and develop a degree of economic independence. After the coup of March 20, politics in Canton were to be changed drastically, when the position of both the CCP and the KMT-left was threatened. In October 1926, when the Northern Expedition Army reached the Yangtze River area and was in great need of full support from all quarters, the CCP and the KMT-center decided to terminate their respective strikes. The CCP skillfully manipulated the tactics of the United Front in the light of the ever-changing political situation in Canton. This article offers an in-depth analysis of the complicated relationships among the political factions, workers, and merchants.
Keyword
:Canton-Hong Kong Strike, merchants, united front, Guomindang (KMT), Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Responses and Discussion
Rethinking Zhang Taiyan and Modernity: A Response to Professor Wong Young-tsu
Viren Murthy‧Ren Zhijun, trans.
PDF
179
Book Reviews
Jin Yilin,
Top-Level Factional Politics in the Guomindang: How Chiang Kai-shek Consolidated His Position as “Supreme Leader”
Wang Ke-Wen
PDF
187
Ch’i Hsi-sheng,
Allies with Daggers Drawn: Sino-American Military Cooperation during the Pacific War (1941-1945)
Steve Tsang
PDF
193
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