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Home
> Publications >
Bulletin
Vol. 123
ISSN：
1029-4740
Date：
2024-3
Softcover：250 TWD
Price：
未出版
Pages：
149
Vol.：
0
Size：
16 K
Other Ordering Methods：
MH
Abstract：
This issue contains three articles: “Spa Treatment, Public Bathing and Landscape Reconstruction in Modern China: A Case Study of Huaqing Hot Springs at Mount Li,” by Fei Huang; “Dissensions over Party Affairs in Beiping during the Initial Stage of the Nanjing Nationalist Government: The Municipal Party Committee, 1928–1929,” by Wang Jianwei; “The Rivalry in North China between China and Japan from the Perspective of the Tanggu Truce,” by Huang Tzu-chin; Book Reviews: “Wang Lianming,
Jesuitenerbe in Peking: Sakralbauten und transkulturelle Räume, 1600–1800,
” by Henning von Mirbach.
Contents
Articles
Spa Treatment, Public Bathing and Landscape Reconstruction in Modern China: A Case Study of Huaqing Hot Springs at Mount Li
[Abstract]
Fei Huang
PDF
1
In contrast with the abundant and coherent research on the history of hot or mineral springs in Europe, America, and their colonial regions, research on Chinese hot springs, both in the premodern and modern period, has remained largely neglected. The present article focuses on one of the most well-known hot spring resorts, Huaqing Hot Springs 華清池, and its surrounding landscape in the suburbs of Xi’an, which was recycled, selectively reused, and negotiated by different social groups from the tenth to nineteenth century. After the threat of Japanese invasion proved inevitable in 1932, Xi’an was selected as the auxiliary capital and renamed the “Western Capital” by the newly established Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) government, which greatly stimulated the development of modern urban construction and city management, including the establishment of suburban landscape areas, protection of historical remains, and promotion of public health and tourism, among other important aspects. Meanwhile, the modern concept of commercialized spa treatment, sanatoria, and public bathhouses became fashionable for the emerging upper class and urban elites in Beijing, Shanghai, and other eastern coastal cities. In the early twentieth century, Huaqing Palace 華清宮, Mount Li, and the surrounding landscape were thus rebuilt as a landscape maintenance district and hot spring resort for the upper class. But it was also reconstructed with public bathhouses and a public park for the common visitors by new commercial organizations, namely travel agencies, and was represented as an ideological landscape within official narratives. Despite the changes, however, the previous usage of the hot springs and the local bathing customs from late imperial times were never eradicated. The modern reconstruction of Huaqing Hot Springs is closely related to both the transformation of the natural environment on the outskirts of the city and the personal sensory enjoyment and rehabilitation of different social classes. Taking Huaqing Hot Springs as a case study, this article discusses how diverse perceptions and activities from various social actors are involved in the acknowledgement, control, management, and consumption of the natural resources of the hot springs. Moreover, it further reviews the historical processes behind the interactions between hot spring spa treatment, public bathing, and suburban landscape reconstruction in the context of daily life within the urban transformation that was taking place in modern China.
Keyword
：hot springs, spa resort, public bathing, urban planning of the Western Capital, suburban landscape
Dissensions over Party Affairs in Beiping during the Initial Stage of the Nanjing Nationalist Government: The Municipal Party Committee, 1928–1929
[Abstract]
Wang Jianwei
PDF
47
During the initial stage of the Nationalist government at Nanjing, the KMT Beiping Municipal Party Headquarters mainly emerged out of several groupuscules from when the KMT operated secretly in North China, hence enjoying a strong characteristic of locality. Although the nine steering committee members were formally appointed by central party authorities, their loose relationship with central headquarters caused an inevitable alienation between the two. From the first day that the Municipal Party Committee was publicized, due to the issues including the registration of party members and the selection of the Third National Congress of the KMT representatives, the municipal branch confronted central authorities, causing multiple instances of social agitation. In addition, the KMT Reorganization Group took the opportunity to add fuel to the conflagration and further escalated the chaos concerning party affairs in Beiping. Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石 (1887–1975), who had long taken notice of the situation, took the initiative to gradually seize power over the personnel of the municipal branch, a process of which deeply involved Ding Weifen 丁惟汾 (1874–1954), Yan Xishan 閻錫山 (1883–1960), Chen Guofu 陳果夫 (1892–1951), and others, presenting a complex image. The dissensions over party affairs in Beiping, however, were not merely a local issue, instead reflecting administrative foundations and patterns of governance over North China by the Nanjing Nationalist government in their early period.
Keyword
：KMT Beiping Municipal Party Headquarters, Ding Weifen, the Reorganization Group, groupuscule
The Rivalry in North China between China and Japan from the Perspective of the Tanggu Truce
[Abstract]
Huang Tzu-chin
PDF
83
The rivalry in North China between China and Japan in the 1930s largely originated from the Japanese invasion of Rehe on February 23, 1933. Chinese and Japanese historians, however, have maintained different interpretations as to why the Japanese launched the Battle of Rehe. In order to analyze the discursive context surrounding Japan’s policy of invading China, the present article first explains the complete picture of the Battle of Rehe from the perspective of Japan’s Kwantung Army. Second, taking the reasons why the Chinese Nationalist government could not dismiss Chairman Tang Yulin 湯玉麟 (1871–1949) of Rehe province before the war as a research thread, it explores the symbiotic relationship between Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石 (1887–1975), Zhang Xueliang 張學良 (1901–2001), and Tang Yulin in North China, using this to analyze the causes and consequences of the Nationalist government’s defeat in the Battle of Rehe. Third, this article focuses on the dismissal of Zhang Xueliang and the offensive and defensive deployment of the Beijing Branch Military Commission at various passes of the Great Wall, as well as discussing the central government’s entry into North China and the struggles of the National Army at these passes. Finally, based on Chiang Kai-shek’s different considerations in the ordering of regions in terms of importance when implementing anti-Japanese aggression policies as well as on a comparison between the Japanese government’s and the Japanese armed forces’ policies towards China, this article explores how Huang Fu 黃郛 (1883–1936), who played a buffer role, became the new balance of the leadership in North China, one which could be accepted by both the Chinese and Japanese governments; moreover, the historical significance of the Tanggu Truce is analyzed, namely how it gained space and time for Chiang to prepare for war.
Keyword
：Chiang Kai-shek, Huang Fu, the Tanggu Truce, the Battle of Rehe, defense of the Great Wall
Book Reviews
Wang Lianming,
Jesuitenerbe in Peking: Sakralbauten und transkulturelle Räume, 1600–1800
Henning von Mirbach
PDF
137
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