This book is a part of the collective historical research of the Academia Sinica Institute of Modern History and National Taiwan Normal University School Institute of History, which analyzes and discusses the evolution of Fujian, Zhejiang, and Taiwan from 1860 to 1916. As Taiwan was ceded to Japan in 1895, only the period before the Jiawu War (Sino-Japanese War 1894-95) is discussed. The political development of Taiwan prior to the Jiawu War was done by political measures in the form of settlement of the mountains and pacification of the savages barbarians and the establishment of a province, and also through the establishing of a gentry class and active promotion of culture and education making Taiwan gradually become part of China. This was a process of “interiorization”, quite different to what happened in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces.