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Vol. 94
ISSN：
1029-4740
Date：
2016-12
Softcover：250 TWD
Price：
未出版
Pages：
144
Vol.：
0
Size：
16 K
Other Ordering Methods：
SanMin
．
Agent List
Abstract：
This issue contains three articles: “The Marketing and Use of Coal in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty,” by Chung-lin Chiu; “Eliminating Abuses: The Grain Management System in Gansu, 1736-1755,” by Chi-ying Chang; “A Republican Royal Wedding: The Xuantong Emperor’s Marriage and the Dynasty’s Final Struggle,” by Hsi-yuan Chen; Book Reviews: “Yongmei Wu and Pui-tak Lee, eds.,
Graphic Images and Consumer Culture: Analysis of Modern Advertising Culture in China
.,” by Zhang Zhong-min; “Barak Kushner,
Men to Devils, Devils to Men:Japanese War Crimes and Chinese Justice
,” by Shichi Lan.
Contents
Articles
The Marketing and Use of Coal in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty
[Abstract]
Chung-lin Chiu
PDF
1
This article examines the use of coal and the coal marketing system in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty from two perspectives. First, the transportation of coal. For a long time, the production, transportation, and sale of coal from Xishan, Beijing were separate. The wholesalers would purchase coal from the miners and use mules or camels to transport coal down the mountains. Coal was first stored in plants located on the main roads and then shipped to coal plants near the city gates of Beijing. Then, coal shops inside the city would purchase coal from these plants. Therefore, coal mine owners all had caravans. They used mules to transport coal down the mountains and used camels to transport coal on flat land. But this mode of transportation was time-consuming and could only transport a limited amount of coal. The cost was high. During the late Qing Dynasty, railways and aerial ropeways were built to transport coal faster and in greater volume. Second, coal retailing and coal prices. Most merchants and residents in Beijing bought coal from coal plants near the city gates or coal shops inside the city. As more and more coal mines were closed during the rule of Emperor Qianlong, coal prices steadily increased, and many people complained about the high prices. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, most people used coal bricks made of crushed coal and coal cinders made of crushed coal and loess.
Keyword
：Beijing, coal plants, caravans, coal prices
Eliminating Abuses: The Grain Management System in Gansu, 1736-1755
[Abstract]
Chi-ying Chang
PDF
41
Taking Gansu as an example, this article explores how local officials used unified policies to resolve the problems of implentation faced by localities and the court. In the early Qianlong period, the Gansu government had to face such conditions as the effects on local markets of decreases in military supplies, national grain policy changes that affected Gansu’s grain storage system, and fierce debates among provincial and national officials that may have hurt local granary systems. These factors all led to abuses in Gansu. Local officials were able to eliminate such abuses in the granary system and convince the Emperor and Ministry of Revenue to give their official approval. However, Qianlong and the Ministry of Revenue sought a universal policy throughout the country, which threatened to obstruct the development of Gansu’s granary system. In dealing with their problems local officials submitted to the national policy but also made every effort to seek the emperor’s and the ministry’s agreement to earlier policies. Although local officials solved the abuses under the unified national system, their short-term expedients became sources of corruption in the future.
Keyword
： grain system, the early period of Qianlong, Gansu, grain purchasing
A Republican Royal Wedding: The Xuantong Emperor’s Marriage and the Dynasty’s Final Struggle
Appendix i & ii
[Abstract]
Hsi-yuan Chen
PDF
77
Recently uncovered documents in the Ming-Qing archives of the Institute of History and Philology pertain to the abdicated Xuantong Emperor’s royal wedding ceremony of 1922. Based on these documents, an extant copy of the “Wedding Gift Registry for the Royal Wedding” stored in the National Library in Beijing, as well as relevant newspapers, manuscripts, diaries, and memoirs, this article argues that the only royal wedding in the Chinese republic contributed to the final collapse of the monarchy. Puyi’s wedding to the Empress and the Consort marked a “rite of passage” for both his personal life and the final transition from imperial to republican China. While Qing loyalists were congregating in Beijing to celebrate Puyi’s wedding, supporters of the republic feared that Puyi’s coming-of-age would revive his remnant monarchy. Republicans discussed annulling his title as emperor and the Articles of Favorable Treatment, and in two years Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City. Ironically, Puyi’s Consort, Wenxiu married the Xuantong Emperor in a traditional royal ceremony but ended up divorcing her husband through the legal provisions of the republic in 1931, marking a twisted finale to Puyi’s troubled reign.
Keyword
：Grand Secretariat Archives, Puyi, royal wedding, loyalists, Articles of Favorable Treatment
Book Reviews
Yongmei Wu and Pui-tak Lee, eds.,
Graphic Images and Consumer Culture: Analysis of Modern Advertising Culture in China.
Zhang Zhong-min
PDF
131
Barak Kushner,
Men to Devils, Devils to Men:Japanese War Crimes and Chinese Justice
Shichi Lan
PDF
137
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