After the First World War, Britain, Spain, Portugal, Brazil. France, Japan, and other countries made an agreement, under an American proposal,to prohibit the export of arms to China because it was divided between north and the south. This international agreement was in force for 10 years. This embargo was influenced by Soviet and German non-participation and was only lifted by the Great Powers after the Northern Expedition. Based on British, American, Japanese and Chinese diplomatic documents, this book narrates and discusses the passing of the agreement, as well as the influence the embargo had on Chinese military affairs and the development of diplomacy.