This book discusses the personnel make-up and quality of all levels of the Army at the time of the War of Resistance, and also their appointment and dismissal, promotion and transfer, performance appraisal and incentives, salary and welfare, retirement pension and other aspects the military system’s operation etc Additionally, all of the difficulties in the relationships between central and regional personnel and their effectiveness are also discussed. The personnel systems of the Republican army were assembled from a variety of laws and regulations from the German and Japanese armies, but during the War of Resistance the gradual rise of officers from the Whampoa (Huangpu) Military Academy led to an increased level of centralization in the ROC armed forces.