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November 19, 1884, Liu Jintang was appointed the first Governor of the newly established Xinjiang Province. Xinjiang had been under military governance since the Qianlong conquer, and for long time served as an exile for criminals. It was until the Northwestern Muslim's rebellions, and the Russian covets' threat, the Qing became alerted at the importance of Xinjiang, and launched constructive projects. The decision of establishing provinces left deep influences onto the territory and land defense of future China. Regarding the thoughts and practices of Northwestern development since late Qing, you may refer to our research finding: Chang Li, "The Modern Chinese Perspective on the Development of the Northwestern Region".
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