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January 12, 1920, Ministry of Education proclaimed that from then on all the first and second year of primary education would use vernacular instead of literary language. Since the late Qing on, using vernacular language became common agreement. After the movement of written vernacular Chinese, this rather became an absolute trend, effectively throwing light on the enlightenment of common people. For details, you may refer to our research finding: Li Hsiao-ti, Lower Class Enlightenment in the Late Ch’ing Period: 1901-1911.
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