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June 20, 1911, the court ordered to have the bureau of Manchuria Cultivation to be established. Manchuria used be the origin of the Qing dynasty, thus Chinese emigrant was strictly regulated. It was up to the late Qing the policy was changed and opened to emigrants. Until Japan controlled manchuria, Chinese emigrants were still the main force of its development. The manpower adding Japanese technology later formed an important strength to construct the post-War China. Regarding emigrant and Manchuria's construction, you may refer to our research finding: Chao Chung-fu, "Migrants and the development of agriculture in the three northeastern provinces (1920-30)".
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