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Vol. 83
ISSN:
1029-4740
Date:
2014-3
Softcover:250 TWD
Price:
未出版
Pages:
169
Vol.:
0
Size:
16 K
Other Ordering Methods:
SanMin
.
Agent List
Abstract:
This issue contains four articles: “Abandoning the Cities: The Flight of Literati and Merchants from Jiangnan Cities during the Ming-Qing Transition”, by Wu Jen-shu ; “State Funerals: Politics and Death Ritual in Early Republican China”, by Poon Shuk-wah; ” The Modern Transformation of a Traditional Buddhist Temple: The Case of Abbot Peian of Guangxiao Monastery in Tai County during the Republican Period ”, by Shao Jiade; ” Taiwan: Autonomous Polity, Island belonging to China, or Something Else?—On U.S. Policy toward Taiwan as revealed in Kerr’s Formosa Betrayed”, by Chen Yi-shen; Review Articles: “The Involution of the Chinese State”: Zhao Quanmin, Government, Cooperatives, and County Society: The Rural Cooperative Movement under the Nanjing Regime Wei Wenxiang, The Guomindang, Farmers, and Farmers’ Associations: The Organization of Farmers’ Associations in Modern China Wang Qisheng, Revolution and Counterrevolution: The Politics of Republican China in Sociocultural Perspective, by Chen Yao-huang; Book Reviews:“Suzuki Nirei, Manchukuo and Inner Mongolia: From Manchuria-Mongolia Policy to Xingan Province Rule”, by Lin Chih-hung.
Contents
Articles
Abandoning the Cities: The Flight of Literati and Merchants from Jiangnan Cities during the Ming-Qing Transition
[Abstract]
Wu Jen-shu
PDF
1
According to a traditional idiom, “In times of minor disorder, flee the cities; in times of major disaster, flee the countryside.” This phenomenon appeared in the Ming-Qing transition, reflecting not only the ravages of war but the awareness of the differences between urban and rural areas. Past research on the history of this period has concentrated on major political events, but the experiences of refugees have been neglected. This article uses the notes and diaries of literati from Jiangnan cities to reconstruct the historical process of flight. While may gentry had moved their residence from the country to the city from the mid-Ming period on, this trend was reversed at the end of the Ming. The status associated with urban residence disappeared, and many literati experienced the distress of flight. The second part of this article investigates such issues concerning flight as its social contradictions, women’s encounters, survivors’ perceptions of the loyalist leadership, and the different fates of refugees through the lenses of social history, mentality studies, and cultural history. This article challenges the narrative of the macro-history of Ming-Qing transition and describes various characteristics of a society in flight.
Keyword
:Ming-Qing transition, Jiangnan, flight, city, country
State Funerals: Politics and Death Ritual in Early Republican China
[Abstract]
Poon Shuk-wah
PDF
47
State funerals in modern nation-states entail the creation of new-style rituals and burial grounds for the heroic dead. In twentieth century China the remains of revolutionary martyrs served as a potent tool to declare the demise of the Qing Dynasty and to publicize the ultimate sacrifice the revolutionaries had made for the country. The emergence of a new political culture of death, including new-style death rituals, cemeteries, and public memorials, thus was closely linked to revolutionaries’ attempts to mould the memory of the revolution. This article focuses on state funerals held in April 1917 for Cai E and Huang Xing, both of whom were key figures in the political struggle against Yuan Shikai, and argues that these two state funerals undermined rather than strengthened the state power of the post-Yuan Beiyang government. Using progressive political symbols, the funderals became an arena for the supporters of Republicanism to publicly express their political vision and to sustain their efforts against Yuan’s lingering influence. The state funerals served as a “rite of passage” that allowed Cai E and Huang Xing to be transformed from “rebels” into “national heroes” and created for the infant Republic of China new heroic role models.
Keyword
:state funeral, Cai E, Huang Xing, Beiyang government, Yuelu Mountain
The Modern Transformation of a Traditional Buddhist Temple: The Case of Abbot Peian of Guangxiao Monastery in Tai County during the Republican Period
[Abstract]
Shao Jiade
PDF
89
Master Peian served as the abbot of Guangxiao monastery in Tai County, Jiangsu Province from early years of the Republican period. But he was sued by local gentry, expelled by the local government, arrested by policemen in Shanghai, and finally died unexpectedly in the early 1930s. Master Changxing was elected as his successor and reformed the temple after Peian’s death. This article clarifies the facts of the case based on Buddhist newspapers, periodicals, gazetteers, archival materials, and monks’ memoirs and other writings, to trace how the abbot was replaced and an important traditional Buddhist temple was transformed in the context of social and Buddhist reforms. The case highlights the different roles played monks, lay Buddhists, local gentry, and officials in the transformation of a county temple. This article emphasizes such issues as the disposition of temple property, tensions between clergy and laity, negotiations between Buddhists and governments, and the division and unity of different types of monks, which are all crucial to the history of modern Buddhism. Thus this case allows us not only to learn more about how religious networks functioned in a local community, but also to seek a better understanding of modern Chinese Buddhism from a local perspective.
Keyword
:Guangxiao monastery in Tai county, Master Peian, modern Buddhism
Taiwan: Autonomous Polity, Island belonging to China, or Something Else?—On U.S. Policy toward Taiwan as revealed in Kerr’s Formosa Betrayed
[Abstract]
Chen Yi-shen
PDF
133
George H. Kerr (1911-1992) published Formosa Betrayed in 1965. He had served in the Japan-Manchuria Branch of the US Military Intelligence Services during the Second World War, participated in planning for the occupation of Taiwan, and was the U.S. Deputy Consul in Taiwan when the “February 28 Incident” of 1947 erupted. Formosa Betrayed expressed his observations of post-war Taiwan on the one hand, and his views on the international status of Taiwan (undetermined) as well as his criticisms of U.S. policies towards Taiwan on the other. The book became a sort “Bible” for numerous overseas Taiwanese youths in their move toward Taiwan independence. However, only now with newly available archives can we check the accuracy of Kerr’s account. This article maintains that Kerr possessed a profound understanding of Taiwan’s issues based on personal experience and a scholarly approach of “participant observation” or “continuous observation.” Kerr not only wished to evaluate the February 28 Incident and U.S. policy, but also to give voice to the sufferings of Taiwan’s people under the cruel international circumstances from the 1940s to the 1960s.
Keyword
:George H. Kerr, Formosa Betrayed, Taiwan’s status, Taiwan-U.S. relations, Richard C. Bush
Review Articles
“The Involution of the Chinese State”:
Zhao Quanmin,
Government, Cooperatives, and County Society: The Rural Cooperative Movement under the Nanjing Regime
Wei Wenxiang,
The Guomindang, Farmers, and Farmers’ Associations: The Organization of Farmers’ Associations in Modern China
Wang Qisheng,
Revolution and Counterrevolution: The Politics of Republican China in Sociocultural Perspective
Chen Yao-huang
PDF
157
Book Reviews
Suzuki Nirei,
Manchukuo and Inner Mongolia: From Manchuria-Mongolia Policy to Xingan Province Rule
Lin Chih-hung
PDF
163
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