Academia Sinica
/
Sitemap
/
MH Login
/
中文
關鍵字搜尋
Events
> News
> Academic
About IMH
> Introduction
> Director’s remarks
> Organization
> Advisory board
> Research plans
> Research findings
> Honors
> Admin Staff
People
> Research fellows
> Corresponding Research Fellows
> Adjunct research fellows
> Postdoctoral fellows
> Doctoral candidate fellows
> Research Groups
Activities
Publications
> Historical sources
> Monographs
> Bulletin
> RWMCH
> Conference Volumes
> Other publications
> Hu Shih Publications
> eBooks
> Non-IMH publications
> Search
> Order
Academic exchanges
> List of Partner Institutions
> Visiting scholars
> Life and work
> Visiting scholars program
Resources
> Research Resources Links
> Special displays
> Video
> Picture of the Day
Contact
> Subscribe our RSS
> FAQ
> Contact us
Home
>
Vol. 84
ISSN:
1029-4740
Date:
2014-6
Softcover:250 TWD
Price:
未出版
Pages:
222
Vol.:
0
Size:
16 K
Other Ordering Methods:
SanMin
.
Agent List
Abstract:
This issue contains four articles: “The Shangjubda Yamen and the Shops of Kulun (Ulaan Baator) in the Qing Dynasty,” by Lai Hui-min; “Under the Shadow of ‘Claims To Standardization’: Pilgrimage to Yaji Shan, Beijing, 1696-1937,” by Xu Tianji; “The Chinese Cigarette Market during Economic Crisis, 1931-1936,” by Huangfu Qiushi; “The Zhang Shunyou Affair: A Typical Example of ‘Setting a Typical Example’,” by Liu Yajuan; Book Reviews: “Sherman Cochran and Andrew Hsieh,
The Lius of Shanghai
,” by Kai Yiu Chan; “Huang Tzu-Chin,
Chiang Kai-shek and Japan: An Epitome of Modern Sino-Japanese History
,” by Wang Cheng-bon; “Harold M. Tanner,
The Battle for Manchuria and the Fate of China: Siping, 1946
,” by Wang Chaoguang.
Contents
Articles
The Shangjubda Yamen and the Shops of Kulun (Ulaan Baator) in the Qing Dynasty
[Abstract]
Lai Hui-min
PDF
1
Using archival research, this article traces the development of the monastic economy of Khalkha Mongolia during the Qing dynasty. Since the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, Jabzandamba Hoblighan had been reincarnated to noble families possessing leadership in politics and religion. In 1754, Shangjudba (Secular Affairs Administration Office) was established to manage the kara urse of Jabzandamba II Khutagt, who gradually lost secular powers. Soon after that, the Qianlong Emperor ordered Jabzandamba Hoblighan to reincarnate in Tibet only. After that point, the nobility and lamas of Khalkha Mongolia had to meet the Hoblighan of Jabzandamba in Tibet, which required large expenditures. As well, each generation of Jabzandamba Khutagt spent funds on repairing temples, making Buddha statues, and printing Buddhist sutras. By the end of the Qing dynasty, the government faced financial difficulties, and Shangjudba made several donations that worsened the finances of its monastery. From the eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century, Shangjudba maintained a herd of millions of domesticated animals, yet fell into debt to Han merchants by the end of the nineteenth century. In the late 1870s, the neighborhood around the temple of Jabzandamba was surrounded by Han-owned shops, which occupied almost half of Kulun, and constituted eight streets of the western Kulun commercial community. When the Uyghur rebellion (Xinjiang) broke out and the rebels took Uliastai, Zhang Tingyue, Grant Minister Superintendent of Kulun, feared food shortages among the garrisons. He ordered the Civil and Commercial Department to enlist more merchants to support military needs, and many Beijing merchants were attracted to Kulun. During the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, there were 393 trading firms in western Kulun, and over ten thousand merchants and shop owners, including banking and sundry stores. These provided loans to Mongolians amounting to millions of taels. Shangjudba borrowed money from these Han merchants and managed these debts, which was one of the economic factors of Mongolian independence.
Keyword
:Khalkha Mongolia, Jabzandamba Khutagt, monastery economy, reincarnation, debt
Under the Shadow of “Claims To Standardization”: Pilgrimage to Yaji Shan, Beijing, 1696-1937
[Abstract]
Xu Tianji
PDF
59
This article takes an interdisciplinary approach to the history of pilgrimage to Yaji Shan in Beijing from 1696 to 1937. Through the comparative analysis of stele inscriptions, local gazetteers, literary sketches and oral stories, it attempts to reflect on James L. Watson’s theories of orthopraxy and standardization by delineating the historical changes to Yaji Shan over two hundred years. I argue that substantive standardization and adherence to orthopraxy should be distinguished analytically from claims to standardization and adherence to orthopraxy, and that the case of pilgrimage to Yaji Shan indicates the latter rather than the former. In contrast to the substantive standardization, there was a consistent thread running through such claims. It is under the shadow of “claims to standardization and orthopraxy” that different voices could reverberate with one another and blend into one another.
Keyword
:Yaji Shan Niangniang (Bixia yuanjun), Granny Wang, Four Sacred Animals, pilgrimage, claims to standardization
The Chinese Cigarette Market during Economic Crisis, 1931-1936
[Abstract]
Huangfu Qiushi
PDF
115
During the economic crisis of the 1930s, both suppliers and consumers in the Chinese cigarette market changed significantly. Due to the great decline of their purchasing power, cigarette consumers mainly adopted two strategies to respond to the economic crisis. First, people tried to cut off their consumption of machine-made cigarettes. As a result, anti-cigarette campaigns broke out widely in rural areas where cigarette industries were undeveloped during the mid-1930s. Second, consumers turned to cheaper cigarettes or alternatives. This preference for cheaper cigarettes challenged the sales and market share of British American Tobacco, while creating development opportunities for Chinese cigarette manufacturers. However, the profit margins of Chinese cigarette companies were restricted by the consolidated tax system being imposed by the Nationalist government. Under the heavy burden of the cigarette tax, machine-made cigarettes could not meet the demand for cheap cigarettes. Thus cigarette hand rollers enjoying the duty-free policy expanded their business by filling the market vacuum. Because both consumers and suppliers nimbly adapted to the change of the external environment, the total consumption of cigarettes remained high throughout the 1930s economic crisis.
Keyword
:1930s, economic crisis, cigarette consumption, hand-rolled cigarettes
The Zhang Shunyou Affair: A Typical Example of “Setting a Typical Example”
[Abstract]
Liu Yajuan
PDF
159
The Zhang Shunyou Affair was not special but was rather a typical case of a political campaign, but in the context of the “Three-Antis Campaign” (the 1951 movement against corruption, waste and bureaucracy), the way this typical case was treated and its ultimate impact went beyond the expectations of some of the persons concerned. This unexpected and contingent case caused distinctly different responses in different places. In the production and publicity of the Zhang Shunyou Affair, multifarious aspects of those persons drawn into political movements were demonstrated by the Communist Center in the absence of the People’s Daily, by the North China Bureau putting its positive performance in the foreground, by the three involved provinces which were forced to reflect on themselves, and by the rest of the provinces and cities with other considerations. From the discovery of Zhang Xunyou by the North China Bureau to its abandonment of Zhang, the development of the Zhang Shunyou Affair not only presented a typical process of setting a typical example, but also provides us an effective perspective for the study of the political propaganda of the Communist Party of China.
Keyword
:Zhang Shunyou Affair, Three Antis Campaign, North China Bureau, People’s Daily, Shanxi Daily
Book Reviews
Sherman Cochran and Andrew Hsieh,
The Lius of Shanghai
Kai Yiu Chan
PDF
201
Huang Tzu-Chin,
Chiang Kai-shek and Japan: An Epitome of Modern Sino-Japanese History
Wang Cheng-bon
PDF
207
Harold M. Tanner,
The Battle for Manchuria and the Fate of China: Siping, 1946
Wang Chaoguang
PDF
217
Return