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Vol. 116
ISSN:
1029-4740
Date:
2022-6
Softcover:250 TWD
Price:
未出版
Pages:
160
Vol.:
0
Size:
16 K
Other Ordering Methods:
SanMin
.
Agent List
Abstract:
This issue contains three articles: “Discontinuity and Continuity: The Publishing of Chinese Books by the Beijing Catholic Churches, 1790-1840,” by Chen Tuo; “Holding Schools Accountable: The ‘Bankruptcy of Education’ Narrative and Centralized Graduation Examination Experiments in 1920s and 1930s China,” by Shiuon Chu; “United States Policy toward Taiwan and Its Plans for the
Treaty of Peace between the Republic of China and Japan
before and after the Korean War,” by Huang Tzu-chin; Book Reviews: “Hans van de Ven,
China at War: Triumph and Tragedy in the Emergence of the New China 1937-1952
,” by Lu Xun.
Contents
Articles
Discontinuity and Continuity: The Publishing of Chinese Books by the Beijing Catholic Churches, 1790-1840
[Abstract]
Chen Tuo
PDF
1
The Apostolate through Books functioned as an important means of disseminating Catholicism in late imperial China. This article investigates the publishing of Chinese books by the Beijing Catholic churches during the period when Christianity was banned by the central government from 1790 to 1840. As the bishop of the Beijing Diocese, Alexandre de Gouveia published and republished at least fifteen Chinese Catholic books after 1790, which constituted the final climax of the Apostolate through Books before the Opium War. In 1805, the Qing government carried out strict rules to prohibit missionaries from publishing Chinese Catholic books. However, some books and woodblocks survived this prohibition because missionaries and Chinese Catholics had transferred them in advance. After the lifting of the ban on Christianity, these books again became legal publications and were widely circulated in the late Qing. I argue that, although the 1805 imperial ban marked an abrupt discontinuation of the Apostolate, these printed books served as a medium to facilitate the continuation of the Catholics’ evangelistic effort. By examining this undercurrent of book circulation in the mid-Qing dynasty, this article bridges the two periods of Sino-Western interactions in the late Ming and the late Qing, which have often been researched separately in previous scholarship. Focusing on an understudied aspect of publishing, this article also contributes to the general study of Chinese book history from a cross-cultural perspective.
Keyword
:The Eastward spread of Western Learning, Catholicism, Apostolate through Books, banned books, book history
Holding Schools Accountable: The “Bankruptcy of Education” Narrative and Centralized Graduation Examination Experiments in 1920s and 1930s China
[Abstract]
Shiuon Chu
PDF
47
Since the introduction of the modern school system in the New Policy Reforms of the early 1900s, two distinctive approaches to education—examination oriented and school oriented—came in competition with one another. In the traditional system oriented to the imperial examination (keju) before 1905, the major goal of education was to pass examinations and earn the respective titles (gongming) that qualified their holders to government offices. Residency at academies or other institutions of education was thus virtually irrelevant. However, in the modern system of schooling, students registered in specific schools and they needed to advance through the year-grade system until graduation. This competition between the two approaches persisted beyond the 1905 abolition of the imperial examination system. By the 1920s, seeing problems in the modern educational system, critics advocated the use of external examinations to hold schools accountable in terms of efficiency. An education system with external examination, its advocates argued, also provided students with alternatives to regular schooling, which was costly in terms of the tuition paid to schools and the time consumed by the year-grade system. After experimental policies were conducted in the 1920s, this vision of external examinations was eventually institutionalized as the Centralized Graduation Examination System (huikao) under the Nanjing Nationalist Government in 1932. The huikao system, however, deviated from the ideal of independent assessment of schools and flexibility for students. The Nationalist Government relied on the cooperation of schools for the administrative and logistic arrangements of the huikao, rendering independent assessment of efficiency of the schools impossible. As well, declining to bear the burden of arranging placements for huikao candidates, the Ministry of Education, along with other examination authorities, lacked the means to incentivize voluntary participation in the external examination. In the end, coercion—either by police forces or legal administrative devices—became necessary the sustain the huikao. As these practical problems dissolved the possibility of a sustainable external examination system thoroughly independent from schools, the institutionalization of huikao in the 1930s ironically reconciled the longstanding competition between orders of examination-oriented and school-oriented education.
Keyword
:examinations, schooling, imperial examination system, Centralized Graduation Examination, statist power
United States Policy toward Taiwan and Its Plans for the
Treaty of Peace between the Republic of China and Japan
before and after the Korean War
[Abstract]
Huang Tzu-chin
PDF
97
This article reassesses the causal relationship between the outbreak of the Korean War and the United States government’s determination to prop up Taiwan in the context of Cold War developments. It examines the ways in which the US took the lead in persuading Japan and Taiwan to sign a peace treaty between Japan and the Republic of China in a bid to enable the Republic of China (ROC) to maintain its status as an international legal entity in the international community after the ROC had lost its substantive jurisdiction over mainland China. In order to clarify why the outbreak of the Korean War was the pivot that led the US Government to pursue recognition for the Republic of China, this article first examines the controversy over the US government's policy towards Taiwan in the run-up to the outbreak of the Korean War, exploring the theoretical basis for the two schools of thought “Protecting Taiwan” and “Abandoning Taiwan,” as well as the reasons why the latter could, at one time, become the tentative conclusion of US policy toward Taiwan. Furthermore, this article explores why the outbreak of the Korean War resulted in the United States’ determination to intervene in the internal affairs of Taiwan. It also explores how the United States conducted its planning for the
Peace Treaty between the Republic of China and Japan
, and how the US mediated with the United Kingdom and Japan as well. This article also evaluates the key role the United States played in helping the Republic of China to regain its foothold in the international arena.
Keyword
:Treaty of Peace between the Republic of China and Japan, Korean War, Cold War
Book Reviews
Hans van de Ven,
China at War: Triumph and Tragedy in the Emergence of the New China 1937-1952
Lu Xun
PDF
153
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