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Home
> Publications >
Bulletin
Vol. 74
ISSN：
1029-4740
Date：
2011-12
Softcover：250 TWD
Price：
未出版
Pages：
199
Vol.：
0
Size：
16 K
Other Ordering Methods：
MH
Abstract：
This issue contains four articles: "From Heart to Brain: Ailuo Brain Tonic and the New Concept of the Body in Late Qing China", by Ning Jennifer Chang; "The Tributary System and Historical Imagination: China and Kanjut, 1761-1963", by Lin Hsiao-ting;"The Theory and Practice of Late Qing Theatrum Mundi: Stage Adaptations of Uncle Tom’s Cabin", by Joscha Chung;"Habituating the Four Virtues: Ethics, Family, and the Body in the Anti-Tuberculosis Campaigns and the New Life Movement", by Sean Hsiang-lin Lei. Book Reviews："Mary G. Mazur, Wu Han, Historian: Son of China’s Times" by Chen Yao-huang;" Sakai Tadao, Research on the History of Chinese Encyclopedias for Daily Use" by Wu Huey Fang.; “Micah S. Muscolino, Fishing Wars and Environmental Change in Late Imperial and Modern China”, by Lin Ching-chih.
Contents
Articles
From Heart to Brain: Ailuo Brain Tonic and the New Concept of the Body in Late Qing China
[Abstract]
Ning Jennifer Chang
PDF
1
Chinese concepts of the body experienced tremendous change in the late nineteenth century. After the introduction of the science of anatomy from the West, Chinese ideas of the brain, heart, blood, and kidneys were never the same. Of those changes, the most stunning was a new idea of the function of the brain. Rather insignificant in the past, the brain, along with the nervous system, replaced the heart as the center of the body and thus as the source of volition, will, and memory. Though medical historians have done much to illuminate the impact of this transformation on intellectuals and physicians, little research has traced its impact on Chinese consumer culture and daily life. This article examines this transformation from the perspective of the commercial world. By analyzing the surge of Ailuo Brain Tonic and other brain-related stimulants in the late Qing, I argue that the medicine men selling and promoting brain tonics played an essential role in this transformation. The drugstores sold not only drugs but also the new concept of the brain.
Keyword
：brain, nerve system, heart, Ailuo Brain Tonic, new concept of the body, drugstore
The Tributary System and Historical Imagination: China and Kanjut, 1761-1963
[Abstract]
Lin Hsiao-ting
PDF
41
This article examines China’s relations with the Central Asian tribal state of Kanjut (also called Hunza) over two centuries. Employing a territorial genealogical approach, this research explores how Kanjut, not initially recognized during the high Qing as an inner dependency or vassal, was gradually re-conceptualized by the Qing court as a historical tributary protectorate, and then in the Republican and Nationalist eras became known as a “lost territory” ripe for restoration. It also argues that the tributary system was not a dynastic legacy that ceased to function after 1911; rather, it was an instrument of political expediency that continued to be used in the post-imperial era. In a sense, this research offers a new way of thinking about what the “tribute system” might really have been: a nineteenth and twentieth century reinterpretation of an older form of symbolically asymmetric interstate relations (common in one form or another throughout many parts of Asia). This reinterpretation was strongly informed by English-language terminology and formulations, including “suzerainty” and the mistranslation of “gong” as “tribute” itself, and by the ways that both Britain and China manipulated the terminology in seeking to further their territorial, diplomatic, and strategic interests.
Keyword
：tributary system, Kanjut, John K. Fairbank, Kashmir, Chinese world order
The Theory and Practice of Late Qing Theatrum Mundi: Stage Adaptations of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
[Abstract]
Joscha Chung
PDF
83
The preference to stage non-Chinese stories was an important aspect of the origins of modern Chinese theatre. Although Western stories play a crucial role in today’s repertoire, this phenomenon was just emerging at the turn of the twentieth century. In the aftermath of the Boxer Uprising, Chinese theatre underwent series of radical changes that were envisioned by intellectuals as well as theatre practitioners. This article first analyzes the idea of adapting foreign stories for the Chinese stage. In contemporary discussions about China’s position in the world, “the stage” (wutai) became a synonym of “the globe” (shijie). Naturally, it was believed that to stage global events could foster the spectators’ awareness of the nation’s situation in the world and to envision their place in the future. Although interested in using non-Chinese plots, late Qing theatrum mundi was in fact a form of national theatre, in which all the foreign appearances on the stage were part of the state-of-the-nation plays. This article then turns to three stage productions of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Lin Shu and Wei Yi’s Chinese version of this novel (1901) was meant to serve as a political warning to the Chinese people. Evidence shows that their point was well understood by many readers, and the different stage versions of this novel can therefore be viewed as reinforcement to these reactions. By examining the forms and contents of the stage adaptations of the novel, it is possible to illuminate the formation of theatrum mundi in the modern Chinese theatre.
Keyword
：modern Chinese theatre, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Spring Willow Society, Spring Sun Society, the New Stage, Shanghai cosmopolitanism
Habituating the Four Virtues: Ethics, Family, and the Body in the Anti-Tuberculosis Campaigns and the New Life Movement
[Abstract]
Sean Hsiang-lin Lei
PDF
133
This article argues that three seemingly unrelated movements in the early Republic in fact had a shared target—the Chinese family. First, in contradiction to the conventional wisdom about the New Life Movement, the “Four Virtues” (li, yi, lian, chi) it promoted had never been part of the core virtues of the traditional Chinese culture, but rather represented a new invention created by the movement’s advocates to replace what they regarded as the family-oriented traditional moral system. By doing so, the New Life Movement in fact carried on the moral revolution of public virtues that had been started by Liang Qichao in the late Qing period. Second, in their endeavor to solve China’s tuberculosis crisis, public health advocates in the 1930s framed tuberculosis as a disease of the Chinese family. Instead of being considered a social disease, tuberculosis was discussed in terms of personal hygiene and the allegedly pathogenic structure of the Chinese family. Given that the New Culture Movement had already criticized the Chinese family as the “source of all vice,” we can see that these three movements shared a framework that regarded the Chinese family not as the key source of values but as the origin of all vices, the cause of diseases, and a threat to citizens’ health and individuality. Sharing this broader contempt for the Chinese family, tuberculosis prevention stressed individual hygienic habits aimed at preventing the disease’s transmission—habits that were instrumental in generating and justifying a new sort of moral system. On the one hand, this new morality caused individuals to feel the need to maintain a critical distance toward family members in order to avoid tuberculosis infection. On the other hand, it caused them to develop a moral responsibility for the wellbeing of anonymous fellow citizens (by way of abstaining from spitting on the street for example). By promoting these hygienic habits and hence this new moral structure, the New Life Movement pursued the political objective of making the Chinese people distance themselves from their family and re-integrating them into the emerging nation-state. Moreover, as a specific set of moral behaviors or “habits,” these personal hygienic practices represented the rise of a new technology of the individual, i.e., “habituating morality.” Recent scholarship has rightly drawn our attention to the trope of “awakening” China, which focuses on people’s structure of consciousness, but it is perhaps equally useful to uncover the history of habituating the body.
Keyword
：New Life Movement, tuberculosis, hygienic habits, moral revolution, family reform
Book Reviews
Mary G. Mazur,
Wu Han, Historian: Son of China’s Times
Chen Yao-huang
PDF
179
Sakai Tadao,
Research on the History of Chinese Encyclopedias for Daily Use
Wu Huey Fang
PDF
187
Micah S. Muscolino,
Fishing Wars and Environmental Change in Late Imperial and Modern China
Lin Ching-chih
PDF
193
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