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Home
> Publications >
Bulletin
Vol. 114
ISBN:
1029-4740
Date:
2021-12
Softcover:250 TWD
Price:
未出版
Pages:
145
Vol.:
0
Size:
16 K
Other Ordering Methods:
SanMin
.
Agent List
Abstract:
This issue contains three articles: “The Building of Shanghai’s Early International Links: Westerners’ Hydrographic Surveys and Navigational Facilities between the Yangtze River Mouth and Shanghai, 1843-1858,” by Yu Po-ching; “Land Reform in Fengtian Province during the Late Qing Period and Land Survey of Kwantung Leased Territory under Japanese Rule: A Comparison of Governmentality and Investigative Knowledge,” by Lin Wenkai; “The Establishment and Achievements of SACO’s Meteorological Intelligence in China, 1942-1947,” by Liu Fang-yu; Book Reviews: “Max K. W. Huang,
Above and Apart: Gu Mengyu and His Search for an Alternative Path in Modern Chinese History
,” by Nakamura Motoya; “Hsiao-ting Lin,
The Chiang Ching-kuo Era: The Republic of China on Taiwan in the Cold War
,” by Max K. W. Huang.
Contents
Articles
The Building of Shanghai’s Early International Links: Westerners’ Hydrographic Surveys and Navigational Facilities between the Yangtze River Mouth and Shanghai, 1843-1858
[Abstract]
Yu Po-ching
PDF
1
The trade of Shanghai grew rapidly following its opening as a treaty port in 1843 due to its excellent geographical position. However, for Western ships, some waters from the mouth of the Yangtze River to Shanghai were difficult to navigate. Shipwrecks and strandings took place from time to time. The Westerners, mainly the British, in order to promote the safety of navigation and their trade interests, put considerable emphasis on hydrographic surveys and navigational facilities. First, the British Navy carried out hydrographic surveys of the mouth of the Yangtze River and the lower reaches of the Huangpu River, including important navigational landmarks, shallow banks, dark sand, hidden rocks, and tidal changes. Westerners suggested that Shanghai officials to set up navigation measures such as light vessels, buoys, and beacons, but due to lack of experience and lack of special attention from Chinese officials, implementation was not very effective. Then, in the 1850s, Westerners continued to monitor and analyze hydrological information, increasing their knowledge of tidal patterns, the submarine topography of the Yangtze estuary, changes in siltation of Woosung bars, and seasonal changes. In July 1854, Britain, the United States, and France successfully established the Board of Inspectors, which followed the Western system in the management of port affairs. Further safety facilities were built in the late 1850s, including more comprehensive pilotage regulations. The Westerners’ hydrographic surveys and navigational facilities around Shanghai during this period were crucial for Shanghai’s subsequent development.
Keyword
:Shanghai, hydrographic survey, navigation measures, navigation safety
Land Reform in Fengtian Province during the Late Qing Period and Land Survey of Kwantung Leased Territory under Japanese Rule: A Comparison of Governmentality and Investigative Knowledge
[Abstract]
Lin Wenkai
PDF
41
Under the impact of imperialist forces such as Russia and Japan in Fengtian Province among other places in Manchuria during the late Qing, the Qing government abandoned its original quarantine policy and promoted the administrative reform of the three northeastern provinces in the New Policy Reforms, and launched the modernization of land and financial administration. At the same time, after its victory in the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese Empire inherited Russia’s rights in Manchuria and carried out land surveys in the Kwantung Leased Territory on the Liaodong Peninsula to promote the modernization of land and financial administration. Using the analytical framework of governmentality and investigative knowledge, this article compares and analyzes the process and nature of land reform in Fengtian Province and in the Kwantung Leased Territory. There are obvious differences between the governmentality and academic knowledge embodied in their respective administrative organizations and investigative techniques. Although Fengtian Province’s land reform was launched with the goal of modernization, it still mainly reflects the traditional governmentality of the Qing dynasty’s patrimonial bureaucracy. Its investigation techniques used in land clearing and fiscal and tax reform were still based on the continuation of traditional knowledge. Therefore, it was difficult to achieve its goals. In contrast, Japan’s land survey of the Kwantung Leased Territory relied on the modern governmentality of modern bureaucracy and used modern knowledge to measure land and investigate finances. Therefore, it was able to meet its goals to a considerable extent.
Keyword
:land reform, governmentality, investigative knowledge, patrimonial bureaucracy, modern bureaucracy
The Establishment and Achievements of SACO’s Meteorological Intelligence in China, 1942-1947
[Abstract]
Liu Fang-yu
PDF
83
This article investigates the process and impact of Sino-American technical cooperation in meteorology in East Asia during World War II and the post-war period. After the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, the US government sent a mission to Chongqing to seek military cooperation with China. In April 1943, China’s Bureau of Investigation and Statistics, the US Navy, and the US Office of Strategic Services decided to establish the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO). A meteorological team was formed in SACO responsible for setting up meteorological stations and training technical staff. While carrying out their work, however, SACO members on both sides held opposing opinions concerning Asian climate trends, which led to different views on the selection of locations to build weather stations. Even so, the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics tried to comply with American officers, and various types of weather stations adapting to local conditions were founded. In addition, the Bureau mobilized agents throughout the country to collect meteorological data. Other agencies of the Nationalist government were also asked to provide weather information they gathered. In doing so, a network of meteorological intelligence soon began to take shape. With this information, SACO analyzed large amounts of data and drew weather maps, providing weather forecasts to the US military. As the weather information provided by SACO proved to be satisfactory, from September 1944 onwards, the US military relied more and more heavily on it. Whenever attacks were planned by the US military, SACO’s weather information was always taken as important reference. In exchange for China’s meteorological information, the US continued supplying China with meteorological technology and equipment after the war, which made significant impact on the reorganization of meteorological institutions in China.
Keyword
:Sino-American Cooperative Organization, Bureau of Investigation and Statistics, meteorological intelligence, military technical cooperation, Milton E. Miles
Book Reviews
Max K. W. Huang,
Above and Apart: Gu Mengyu and His Search for an Alternative Path in Modern Chinese History
Nakamura Motoya
PDF
131
Hsiao-ting Lin,
The Chiang Ching-kuo Era: The Republic of China on Taiwan in the Cold War
Max K. W. Huang
PDF
137
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