Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica 中央研究院近代史研究所

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Vol. 117

ISSN：1029-4740

Size： 16 K

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Abstract：

This issue contains three articles: “The Origins of Xu Jie’s Thought and His Efforts in Realizing the Colloquium on Yangmingism at Lingji Palace,” by Ho Wei Hsuan; “The Return of Yangmingism during the Mid-Qing Dynasty: The Establishment and Activities of the ‘Wang-Liu Assembly’,” by Yang Cheng-hsien; “Rebuilding Legitimacy: Local Surveys, Model Villages and ‘Civilizing’ Processes in Manchukuo,” by Lin Chih-hung; Book Reviews: “Stephen H. Whiteman, Where Dragon Veins Meet: The Kangxi Emperor and His Estate at Rehe,” by Henning von Mirbach.

Contents

Articles

The Origins of Xu Jie’s Thought and His Efforts in Realizing the Colloquium on Yangmingism at Lingji Palace

Ho Wei Hsuan

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The Return of Yangmingism during the Mid-Qing Dynasty: The Establishment and Activities of the “Wang-Liu Assembly”

Yang Cheng-hsien

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This article examines how Yangmingism returned to the academic domain in the form of “statecraft” during the mid-Qing dynasty by reconstructing the processes of Liu Zongzhou’s 劉宗周 (1578–1645) enshrinement during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor in the Qing, the establishment of the “Wang-Liu Assembly” 王劉會, namely Wang Yangming 王陽明 (1472–1529) and Liu Zongzhou, as well as the publication of the Complete Works of Master Liu 劉子全書 and subsequent Supplementary Edition to the Complete Works of Master Liu 劉子全書遺編. Regarding the presence of Yangmingism in the mid-Qing, the postface written by Wang Qisun 王芑孫 (1755–1817) reveals his dissatisfaction towards Han learning and the solitude of following Yangmingism, while also illustrating that the White Lotus Rebellion which had spread to Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan served as the background of why the baojia system implemented by Wang Yangming was repeatedly mentioned in imperial examination questions on politics. Moreover, the Qianlong Emperor’s edict extolling Liu Zongzhou catalyzed the gradual elevation of his status as a scholar. Qin Ying’s 秦瀛 (1743–1821) preface to the Complete Works of Master Liu not only expresses dissatisfaction with the softness of officials, but also reestablishes a moral standard based on a sense of shame by likewise praising Liu. In addition, the promotion of Liu’s enshrinement by local Zhejiang literati Du Xu 杜煦 (1780–1850) and Hu Chao 胡潮 (1770–1827) in the early years of the Daoguang Emperor both advanced the enshrinement of other disciples and actuated the organization of the “Wang-Liu Assembly,” which promoted Wang and Liu’s teachings as well as reprinting the Complete Works of Master Liu and compiling its supplementary edition. Succeeding the assembly, Zong Jichen 宗稷辰 (1792–1862) then not only continued to tirelessly advocate their teachings, but also defended Yangmingism by pointing out the fallacy of emphasizing its achievements over its teachings of “innate knowledge.” The formation of the “Wang-Liu Assembly” during a time of crisis thus connotes that Yangmingism did not abate during the mid-Qing, but rather circuitously reentered the academic vision of contemporary literati through its promotion by later disciples.

Keyword：Yangmingism, Wang Qisun, Wang-Liu Assembly, Complete Works of Master Liu, Zong Jichen

Rebuilding Legitimacy: Local Surveys, Model Villages and “Civilizing” Processes in Manchukuo

Lin Chih-hung

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Concerning how Manchukuo controlled local society and instituted the basis for its rule, the present article examines the processes by which the state established legitimacy and expounds the shifts in its governance policies from three dimensions. First, the “travel study” reports of Datong Academy (Daidō gakuin 大同学院) are used to analyze how the colonizers employed social surveys to deepen their understanding of county administration, materials which both represent the “knowledge production” accumulated during investigations into local areas and reveal the challenges faced by the regime concerning governance. For the colonizers, moreover, this investigation work resembled a reaffirmation of local administration, one which used statistics to enhance governance effectiveness. Second, the author focuses on rural reconstruction policies. When carrying out industrial development and economic control policies, colonial authorities expanded their influence into the vast rural hinterland, exemplified by Datong Academy’s investigations in 1934. Manchukuo then used rural reconstruction and the establishment of an ideal society as propaganda, while appealing for “modernity” as a governing ideal. Finally, this article takes the construction of model villages and promotion of “civilizing lectures” to elucidate how Manchukuo realized legitimacy and Japanese colonial strategies. In 1934, Fengtian province implemented the “Experimental Village Plan” in Shenyang, Gaiping, Hailong, Lishu, and elsewhere, both meeting the needs of different industries and drawing in Japanese immigrants to strengthen colonial rule. In addition, the activities of religious associations, in the name of “serving the country,” aligned themselves with war needs and mobilized the public. Such use of universal values to beautify aggression thereby constituted a “moral façade,” characteristic of Japanese imperialism. villages, civilizing

Keyword：Manchukuo, Japanese imperialism, social surveys, model

Book Reviews

Stephen H. Whiteman, Where Dragon Veins Meet: The Kangxi Emperor and His Estate at Rehe

Henning von Mirbach

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