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Home
> Publications >
Bulletin
Vol. 120
ISSN:
1029-4740
Date:
2023-6
Softcover:250 TWD
Price:
未出版
Pages:
183
Vol.:
0
Size:
16 K
Other Ordering Methods:
SanMin
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Agent List
Abstract:
This issue contains three articles: “Japanese Relief and the Qing Government’s Handling of Foreign Affairs during the Period of the Ding-wu Disaster,” by Jiang Bo; “The Development and Organization of Rural Sideline Businesses in Modern Japan from the Meiji to Early Showa Period,” by Chen Yao-huang; “Whom Do Abandoned Persons Depend On? An Example of Identity Performance in Eastern Hebei, 1931–1948,” by Ren Yao-Xing; Research and Discussion:“The Shaping and Development of “Society”: Reflections on the Approaches of the History of Knowledge in Modern China,” by Han Chenghua; Book Reviews: “John Kieschnick,
Buddhist Historiography in China
,” by Lin Ying-chun.
Contents
Articles
Japanese Relief and the Qing Government’s Handling of Foreign Affairs during the Period of the Ding-wu Disaster
[Abstract]
Jiang Bo
PDF
1
In the early years of the reign of the Guangxu Emperor (r. 1875–1908), the Ding-wu Disaster 丁戊奇荒 occurred in North China, and in response, the US, the UK, Japan, and many Southeast Asian countries all participated in relief programs. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the aid activities of Western countries and overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia while ignoring those of Japan. At the onset of the disaster, the Consulate-General of Japan in Shanghai called on Japanese merchants and community organizations in China to make donations, but because the relief funds were subsumed under “foreign relief” 洋賑, which was dominated by the participating Western countries, it failed to attract widespread attention from Chinese society. Subsequently, with government support, Japanese merchants initiated fundraising activities in Japan, using the donations to purchase rice and other grains in Japan and ship the goods to Tianjin. During this process, they adopted a “localization” strategy that meant relying on Chinese local governments to provide the relief while highlighting Japanese identity and agency, efforts which successfully caught the attention of Chinese authorities. In addition, the Qing dynasty mission in Japan raised donations from Chinese merchants in Japan, which was met with an enthusiastic response. Once the funds were collected, the merchants actively used contacts with the mission to assist in transferring the aid to the domestic administrative system. The Qing government then commended them according to the official reward system 旌表, showing that the Chinese merchants in Japan were equally treated to the native Chinese in their contributions. This article indicates that both the Japanese and Chinese merchants chose separate routes to realize their relief activities, but within their respective paths, closely collaborated with the Qing government. The Qing government was thus able to effectively respond to their needs due to the growing geopolitical influence of Japan in the late 1870s, and a new Chinese political system dealing with foreign affairs emerged.
Keyword
:Ding-wu Disaster, overseas relief, Japanese merchants, Chinese merchants in Japan, foreign affairs in the Qing dynasty
The Development and Organization of Rural Sideline Businesses in Modern Japan from the Meiji to Early Showa Period
[Abstract]
Chen Yao-huang
PDF
41
The Development and Organization of Rural Sideline Businesses in Modern Japan from the Meiji to Early Showa Period Chen Yao-huang* Abstract Sideline businesses played a significant role in peasant livelihoods within rural Japan. But due to the neglect of government and exploitation by merchants, rural sideline businesses had failed to develop adequately in pre-modern Japan. After the 1890s, Japan’s government undertook measures to promote and subsidize the development of rural sideline businesses, especially encouraging small-scale producers to establish cooperatives, which could prevent the proprietors from facing exploitation, induce technological reform, raise output, and improve quality. However, the government’s goal was in fact to develop rural sideline businesses as a means to supplement agriculture, and ultimately, the side endeavors still did not receive due attention from Japan’s government.
Keyword
:rural Japan, sideline businesses, markets, China, cooperatives
Whom Do Abandoned Persons Depend On? An Example of Identity Performance in Eastern Hebei, 1931–1948
[Abstract]
Ren Yao-Xing
PDF
93
In October 1947, the Beiping Garrison Command was ordered to arrest suspected communist Meng Zhen 孟珍, who was then handed over to the Beiping Mobile Barracks of the High Command 行轅 for interrogation. But as the investigation deepened, it became increasingly difficult to ascertain the identity of the middle-aged man. During the process of gathering intelligence, it was discovered that Meng Zhen had formed a local armed force during the Warlord Era, acted as a traitor during the Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, and joined the Security Bureau 保密局 as an “underground worker” following the war; at the same time, Meng Zhen was also inextricably linked with the liberated areas of the CCP. When trying to grasp an understanding from the survival logic of grassroots individuals, behind the contradictory identities that Meng Zhen is performing, there is an influence of a so-called “abandoned persons” mentality which had been gradually shaped by the long period of conflict. The specific manifestations of this notion include alienation from the concept of nationality, dependence on local power, and the performance of catering to different forces in the course of everyday survival. Of course, what lies behind this abandonment mentality is more than just the submissive attitude of ordinary people in the midst of war. The example of Meng Zhen shows a space in which shrewd individuals can maneuver when navigating chaotic situations. More broadly, the rising trend of nationalism in modern China had not only a profound impact on the people, but also the difficulty penetrating into the grassroots, a phenomenon which undoubtedly reflects the twists and turns of modern China’s road to becoming a nation-state.
Keyword
:traitors, KMT members, CCP members, abandonment mentality, identity performance
Research and Discussion
The Shaping and Development of “Society”: Reflections on the Approaches of the History of Knowledge in Modern China
[Abstract]
Han Chenghua
PDF
135
The present review article revolves around three different knowledge practices in the “social” realm of modern China: “linguistic descriptions and conceptual definitions,” “the reconstruction and transformation of academic systems and corresponding fields,” and “the practice and impact of knowledge in everyday life.” These three correspond to the fields of lexical and conceptual history, knowledge transformation and disciplinary history, and the history of knowledge practices/control, respectively. By reviewing relevant important works in recent years, the aim is to delineate the overall characteristics of these research achievements and further consider two questions. First, how should one describe the historical experiences of these three aspects and thereby evaluate the characteristics of the “social” realm as described and explained in this way? Second, through the comprehensive consideration of these three dimensions, an attempt is made to explore the multiple understandings of knowledge transformation since the 19th century by connecting social science knowledge as the core with relevant individuals, historical events, and significant changes within and outside academic fields in modern China. In fact, knowledge provides us with an approach to understanding historical actors and structures. Researchers should attempt to explore the specific perspectives of analyzing historical phenomena through the lens of knowledge, rather than simply considering knowledge as a transparent and neutral object, describing its content and concepts or exploring its connotations and transformations within social and cultural contexts. Through the approaches of the “history of knowledge,” this article attempts to deepen the current understanding and imagination of “the construction of modern Chinese knowledge” and to further consider the intertwining interactions between social science knowledge and the “social” realm in the transformation processes of modern China.
Keyword
:society, social science, history of knowledge, social surveys, statistics
Book Reviews
John Kieschnick,
Buddhist Historiography in China
Lin Ying-chun
PDF
177
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