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Home
> Publications >
Bulletin
Vol. 121
ISSN:
1029-4740
Date:
2023-9
Softcover:250 TWD
Price:
未出版
Pages:
197
Vol.:
0
Size:
16 K
Other Ordering Methods:
MH
Abstract:
This issue contains three articles: “The Printing History of a First Opium War Anecdote: The Dissemination and Changing Perceptions of
Toutou Ji
, 1863–1957,” by Zou Zicheng; “The Introduction and Dissemination of Western Pharmaceutical Knowledge in Late Qing China: Chinese Medical Texts Translated from the West,” by Liu Feiwen; “Personal Writings during a Great Era: A Case Study of Hsiung Shih-hui’s Diaries, Autobiography and Memoirs,” by Lin May-li; Research and Discussion: “Writing
‘
the Chinese of Southeast Asia
’
: Multiple Expressions and Their Political Contexts,” by Lee Ying-hui; Book Reviews: “Mariana Münning,
Sound, Meaning, Shape: The Phonologist Wei Jiangong (1901–1980) between Language Study and Language Planning,
” by Jeffrey Weng.
Contents
Articles
The Printing History of a First Opium War Anecdote: The Dissemination and Changing Perceptions of
Toutou Ji
, 1863–1957
[Abstract]
Zou Zicheng
PDF
1
Toutou ji
偷頭記 (lit. The Record of Stealing Head), authored by member of the Ningpo gentry Xu Shidong 徐時棟 (1814–1873), documents a remarkable anecdote from during the First Opium War. The aim of the present paper is twofold: exploring the dissemination of the story and analyzing the changes in the messages conveyed by those doing the retelling. Regarding the former, owing to the efforts of Dong Pei 董沛 (1828–1895), Chen Kangqi 陳康祺 (1840–1890), Shen Rongjing 沈鎔經 (1834–1885), and Kong Guangde 孔廣德 (?–?), this local story was disseminated widely by being appended to well-received compilations in the late Qing book market, which ensured its later move from a local to national level of popularity. Toutou ji even made frequent appearances within mass media during the Republican era and has become a well-known historical event under the influence of Marxist historians. Secondly, concerning its contents and transformed messages, much has changed from Xu’s initially shaping of the story as a grievance against the Qing general Yijing 奕經 (1793–1853) and his inaction. Officials and literati in the following decades seemingly overlooked its link with the past, recontextualizing the story as a negative trope for the future of China coming in increasing contact with foreign countries. Xu Bao 徐保 (?–?) and the Heishui Party 黑水黨, for example, became widely accepted as having prominent roles in the story, although Xu never addressed either of these names originally. Mobilization and propaganda for the Second Sino-Japanese War further created new images of the protagonists, depicting them as national heroes combating imperialist intruders. In addition, Marxist historiographical works from the 1940s onwards accepted the new images due to an urge to rewrite modern Chinese history by stressing the people’s leading role in the fight against foreign powers. The dissemination and changing perceptions of
Toutou ji
ultimately shed new light on a hitherto untouched field and introduce an epistemological approach towards the study of the significance of the First Opium War.
Keyword
:the First Opium War, history of Sino-foreign relations, book history, historical writing
The Introduction and Dissemination of Western Pharmaceutical Knowledge in Late Qing China: Chinese Medical Texts Translated from the West
[Abstract]
Liu Feiwen
PDF
51
This article focuses on Chinese-language pharmaceutical books translated from the West and compiled by missionaries, examining the historical context of the centralized introduction and dissemination of Western pharmaceutical knowledge in the mid to late 19th century. In Benjamin Hobson’s (1816–1873) medical books published in the 1850s, many remedies and dispensing methods were similar to those in China, some of which were employed by Chinese practitioners despite their usages slightly differing; however, the works rarely involve theoretical explanations and were thus doubted by some Chinese readers. During the 1870s, under the systematic introduction of the knowledge of modern chemistry into China and the development of missionary medical education, John Glasgow Kerr (1824–1901) complied
Xiyao lüeshi
西藥略釋 (
Brief Explanations of Western Medicine
), which views chemical pharmaceutical technology as the major advantage of “Western medicine,” resulting in an increased Chinese discussion on comparisons between “Western” and “Chinese” pharmacy. John Fryer (1839–1928) then published
Xiyao dacheng
西藥大成 (
Materia Medica and Therapeutics
) in collaboration with Zhao Yuanyi 趙元益 (1840–1902), which was the first to systematically introduce Western pharmaceutical technologies and arrange remedies by a modern botany classification, inspiring some Chinese to advocate using chemical methods to extract the essence of traditional herbal medicines. Finally, in the 1890s, Stephen A. Hunter (1851–1923) published the dispensing manual
Wanguo yaofang
萬國藥方 (
Prescriptions from around the World
), attempting to standardize drug terms and names to meet translation needs. Despite being emphasized that they should be read under the instruction of foreign physicians, these books made their way into the late Qing book market and became popular guides on becoming a doctor, selling drugs, or opening a dispensary. But as criticism of patent medicine merchants rose in early 20th-century Europe and America, some medical missionaries turned increasingly conservative regarding the dissemination of practical pharmacy knowledge, and at the same time, Chinese books on Western pharmacy translated from Japan began to spring up, challenging the missionaries’ hegemony over pharmaceutical knowledge.
Keyword
:Western pharmacy, missionaries, Xiyao lüeshi, Xiyao dacheng,
Wanguo yaofang
Personal Writings during a Great Era: A Case Study of Hsiung Shih-hui’s Diaries, Autobiography and Memoirs
[Abstract]
Lin May-li
PDF
105
This article uses Hsiung Shih-hui’s 熊式輝 (1893–1974) diaries, autobiography, memoirs, and other relevant historical materials to examine the reality of personal experience in his times. Hsiung’s surviving diaries begin on January 10, 1930, and conclude on January 20, 1974, the day before his death, with the majority of missing records being concentrated before 1937 and those after 1938 being almost complete. After being removed from his position at the Northeast Mobile Barracks of the High Command 行轅 in August 1947, Hsiung organized his diaries and wrote his memoirs, which record his experiences from the revolution in the late Qing dynasty to the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party. In addition, he penned an autobiography as a part of his retirement application from 1959 to 1960. As a form of “social memory” material, the texts produced by Hsiung have provided a basis from which to research the military and political figures of the Republic of China.
Keyword
:Hsiung Shih-hui, diary, autobiography, memoir
Research and Discussion
Writing “the Chinese of Southeast Asia”: Multiple Expressions and Their Political Contexts
[Abstract]
Lee Ying-hui
PDF
153
The emigration of Chinese peoples over time to Southeast Asia was spontaneous and paid little attention by previous Chinese governments throughout the past dynasties. It has only been in the last 150 years that the situation has been taken seriously by Chinese governing bodies, exemplified by the publishing of various documents and regulations concerning the Chinese in Southeast Asia. The concept of “the Chinese of Southeast Asia” written in official Chinese documents was influenced by the political situation in China at various times, and the expressions used as well as the Chinese characteristics emphasized by these writings thus differ. By examining a great number of Chinese official documents and regulations, this paper discusses how officials and politicians viewed the Chinese emigrants in Southeast Asia with their respective contexts in mind, and why they were being written by political parties and figures in China. These expressions, including “fugitive” 逃亡者, “Huaqiao” 華僑 (overseas Chinese), “expatriate” 僑民, “countrymen abroad” 僑胞, “expatriates who have returned” 歸僑, and even the phrase “overseas Chinese as the mother of the revolution” 華僑為革命之母, demonstrate the multiplicity of “the Chinese of Southeast Asia” developed by Chinese officials and politicians as well as reflecting China’s dynamic perspectives in perceiving and defining “overseas Chinese.”
Keyword
:Chinese in Southeast Asia, overseas Chinese as the mother of the revolution, the Cold War, Kuomintang, Chinese Communist Party
書 評
Mariana Münning,
Sound, Meaning, Shape: The Phonologist Wei Jiangong (1901–1980) between Language Study and Language Planning
Jeffrey Weng
PDF
191
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