This book is an anthology of newspaper articles and academic papers touching upon the book title. The newspaper articles shows the gap between the real histoical relations between Taiwan and mainland China and the general understanding from the public. The academic articles grouped under the category of “historiography” and “tradition and transformation” are actually the basis of the newspaper articles. The historiography papers confessed that Taiwan’s historiography has to be responsible for the mentioned gap and the contemporary and historical background of Taiwan historiography’s disorientation. The papers on tradition and transformation provides broad and synthesis academic argument to point out: 1. How Taiwan is the place which keeps most of Chinese socio-economic tradition involved in the last seven thousand years; 2. How Japanese occupation vividly changed Taiwan’s external relations, which includes Taiwan’s sovereignty belongings. The author clarifies the historical change of Taiwan’s sovereignty belongings by the custom revenue, monetary standard systems and nationality through which modern state reveals its sovereignty.