This book discusses the background and origins of the Huai Army and its organization, salaries, recruitment, training, weapons and equipment, distribution, bureaucratic characteristics, and the conditions necessary for its maintenance. The Huai Army was representative of the military encampment institutions of the last fifty years of the late Qing. At first, the school hastily trained soldiers in one or two months, but it gradually established academies with separate training for officers and soldiers, increasing artillery troops, engineering officials and military battalions, until the school became completely Westernized with modern military institutions and weapons, so in this history, one can see the transformation of China’s modern military institutions.