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The Controversy of the 1799 Metropolitan Exam and the Decline of Targeted Search in Qing Civil Examinations

arrow iconDate(s): 2023/10/26

arrow iconTime: 10:00~12:00

*Venue: Archives 2nd Conference Hall

*Speaker:Prof. Shiuon Chu (Assistant research fellow, IMH, AS)

*Disscussant: Prof. 劉世珣(故宮博物院助理研究員)

*Organizer: IMH

摘要:
本文勾勒嘉慶四年會試的前因與後果,並由此探討清代科場「搜求名士」的興衰。前因方面,朱珪與阮元在嘉慶四年會試搜索眾多名士,並不是單憑考官個人學術品味就可以成事。其背後的力量,其實來自康熙朝已見端倪,在乾隆朝達到高峰的「重主考抑房考」政策。相對於晚明科舉由房考官主導薦卷,主考官被動地從薦卷中錄取舉子,乾隆朝的主考官權力極大,在皇權的鼓勵下,無論是透過成文的搜落卷制度,以及各種不成文的行政手段,都可以在全數考卷中找尋目標人選。後果方面,嘉慶四年會試固然被同情漢學者視為佳話,但在當時卻因為凌駕科舉規則而受到批評,並最終在嘉慶十年更被定案為違規,載入《科場條例》,成為此下重申房考與主考權限分際的案例。歷經嘉慶朝的政策與人事調整,科舉主考官錄取特定考生的難度增加,造就了各種晚清搜求名士而不獲的故事。無論是否有當於選拔人才,在清末廢除科舉以前,違規「搜求名士」的風氣已經再難回到乾隆時期的樣態。
 



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