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Vol. 82
ISSN:
1029-4740
Date:
2013-12
Softcover:250 TWD
Price:
未出版
Pages:
189
Vol.:
0
Size:
16 K
Other Ordering Methods:
MH
Abstract:
This issue contains four articles: “From Restraint to Encouragement of Commerce: An Investigation into Ideas and Policies”, by Li Ta-chia; “The Conceptual History of “Colony” in Modern China: From “New Term” to “Keyword””, by Pan Kuang-che;” The Monopoly and Transportation of Wartime Materials in Occupied China, 1937-1941: A Case Study of the East Asia Navigation Company”, by Hsiao Ming-li; “Assembling Scholars in the Face of the Enemy: The Prequel to the Institute of International Relations, 1937-1975”, by Philip Hsiaopong Liu; Book Reviews:“Wu Su-feng et al., eds., Another Front: Juntong’s Fight during the Second Sino-Japanese War”, by Lin Tung-fa; “Chen Yao-huang, Domination and Disintegration: Communist Revolution in Hebei, 1921-1949”, by Li Fu-chung
Contents
Articles
From Restraint to Encouragement of Commerce: An Investigation into Ideas and Policies
[Abstract]
Li Ta-chia
PDF
1
From the Qin-Han through the Qing dynasties, China consistently practiced the policy of encouraging agriculture while restraining commerce. The “Four Peoples Thesis,” which stated that persons were divided according to social function—gentry/scholar, peasantry, artisans, and merchants—attributed inferior status to merchants. This thought was generally accepted by both officialdom and the populace. However, since the Tang and Song dynasties, some scholars expressed dissent. During the Ming and Qing period, Wang Yangming and others went further and proposed the equality of the Four Peoples, with the hope that this tradition would be changed. But this “New Four Peoples Thesis” had little effect on the subsequent development of industry and commerce. It was not until the second half of the nineteenth century, when China faced powerful threats from the West and Japan, that intellectuals realized the importance of “commercial war,” which really shook their faith in the “Four Peoples Thesis.” In order to overcome this crisis, the Qing government had to establish new policies to encourage commerce, resulting in enhancing the status of businessmen and merchants.
Keyword
:our peoples thesis, commercial war, mercantilism
The Conceptual History of “Colony” in Modern China: From “New Term” to “Keyword”
[Abstract]
Pan Kuang-che
PDF
55
This essay focuses on the conceptual history of the term “colony” since the mid-1890s, telling the story of how it was created as a “new term” as well as the circulation of this term in modern China. One particularly striking phenomenon occurred when “colony” was combined with “imperialism,” another “new term” that appeared during the late 1890s, with both terms then transformed into normative vocabulary used to interpret the world and history. In the end, the term “colony” developed into a “keyword” that proved to be a driving force for establishing nationalist agendas in modern China.
Keyword
:colony, imperialism, new terms, keywords, nationalism
The Monopoly and Transportation of Wartime Materials in Occupied China, 1937-1941: A Case Study of the East Asia Navigation Company
[Abstract]
Hsiao Ming-li
PDF
93
The outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 pushed Japan’s economy into wartime mode and increased the demand for wartime production, making Japan more dependent on raw materials from China. How Japan should organize its maritime capacity and transport raw materials from Occupied China to Japan became a crucial task. In August 1939, Japan established the East Asia Navigation Company (Tōa Kaiun Kabushiki Kaisha) to help carry out the national policy of control over Chinese coastal and inland waters. The corporation, as the agency designed to carry out Japan’s maritime control, was required to eliminate British shipping companies in China. Through the efforts of the corporation and a thorough blockade by the Japanese military, Japanese authorities successfully established a monopoly in Chinese coastal and inland waters before the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941.
Keyword
:wartime economy, control, maritime, East Asia Navigation Co. (Tōa Kaiun Kabushiki Kaisha), raw materials of Occupied China
Assembling Scholars in the Face of the Enemy: The Prequel to the Institute of International Relations, 1937-1975
[Abstract]
Philip Hsiaopong Liu
PDF
145
This article analyzes the history of the Institute of International Relations (IIR), a Kuomintang think tank, from the perspective of the personal contributions of its key staff before its formal establishment in 1975 as part of National Chengchi University. The IIR was constructed from existing intelligence units to deal with a national crisis. In addition to intelligence collection and studying the enemy’s economy and politics, the organization developed propaganda functions and assembled scholars. Problems with its construction emerged when the national crisis eased.
Keyword
:think tank, Institute of International Relations, Wang Pengsheng, Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Ching-kuo
Book Reviews
Wu Su-feng et al., eds., Another Front: Juntong’s Fight during the Second Sino-Japanese War
Lin Tung-fa
PDF
175
Chen Yao-huang,
Domination and Disintegration: Communist Revolution in Hebei
, 1921-1949
Li Fu-chung
PDF
185
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