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Vol. 73
ISSN：
1029-4740
Date：
2011-9
Softcover：250 TWD
Price：
未出版
Pages：
206
Vol.：
0
Size：
16 K
Other Ordering Methods：
MH
Abstract：
This issue contains four articles: "The Kuomingtang Organization and the Struggle between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party at National Central University, 1927-1949 ", by Jiang Baolin; "British and Japanese Maritime Competition in Asian International Waters, 1936-1939 ", by Lee Yu-Ping;" Government Bonds and Social Conflict: A Study of the People’s Victory Bonds in Guangzhou, 1950", by Lai Hon Kei;" De jure and De facto Arguments in the Negotiations between the Republic of China and the International Olympic Committee: Naming in the Mexico Olympic Games, 1965-1968 ", by Chang Chi-Hsiung. Book Reviews："Wang Qisheng, Revolution, Counter-Revolution: Politics of Republican China in Socio-cultural Perspective" by Wang Chao-jan;" Danke Li, Echoes of Chongqing: Women in Wartime China" by Lien Ling-ling.; “Li Guofang, Entry into Big Cities: The CPC’s Maiden Attempt at Regime Building and City Management in Shijiazhuang, 1947-1949”, by Xia Songtao.
Contents
Articles
The Kuomingtang Organization and the Struggle between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party at National Central University, 1927-1949
[Abstract]
Jiang Baolin
PDF
1
From 1927 to 1949, Kuomingtang organizations maintained a constant presence at National Central University (Nanjing and Chongqing). However, before the Resistance War against Japan, these organizations were very weak. There were no substantial relations between the KMT organizations and school authorities on the NCU campus. On the contrary, the activities of KMT organizations were often restrained by the school authorities. At the same time, the Chinese Communist Party’s presence was minimal. Then after the outbreak of the war, the KMT and the Three People’s Principles Youth League increased their presence at NCU, as did the CCP. Although the CCP weakened over the course of the war, the potential powers of the CCP and the left-wing student groups had not been destroyed completely, and after the war they were extended and strengthened. On the other hand, the forces of the KMT and the League at NCU expanded rapidly during the war as their campus membership increased and their activities became more spectacular. However, at the actual level of political manipulation, the mobilization of the KMT and the League was still very limited. After the Resistance War, the KMT and the League and the CCP’s underground and satellite organizations both became more active at NCU. And during the civil war, the KMT-CCP political struggle became very intense.
Keyword
：National Central University, Kuomintang, Three People’s Principles Youth League, Chinese Communist Party
British and Japanese Maritime Competition in Asian International Waters, 1936-1939
[Abstract]
Lee Yu-Ping
PDF
53
This article examines the relative decline of British maritime power in the Pacific during the early period of the Second World War. It focuses on questions of currency, power, grains, and raw materials to explain how the concentration of world shipping ship deadweight in the Asia-Pacific sea area raised the level of importance of Japanese ships, specifically in terms of their share of world total deadweight, a change that reflected the fierce competition between Japanese and British shipping interests. This article first analyses how, at the end of the 1930s as the center of the world economy moved from the Atlantic to the Pacific due to the war in Europe, British ships gathered in the Atlantic and the Japanese took the opportunity to establish a round-the-world route in the Far East of the Asia-Pacific sea area. Second, this article also explains how, after the center of the world shipping market moved from London to New York in the late 1930s, the pound sterling weakened even as the US dollar remained a relatively weak currency, which presented an opportunity for the rise of the Japanese yen. These conditions aided the development of Japanese shipping, helping to build round-the-world routes and cross-continental routes in the Asia-Pacific sea area. Third, this article examines how the war led to the decline of the grain trade and the growth of trade in military materials. With many wheat routes in the Atlantic and the Pacific depressed, from 1936 a sharp increase in demand for the ocean shipping of scrap metal, iron ore, coal, steel and other military industry materials created a new shipping market, leading to a rapid increase in Asia-Pacific routes. Under these conditions, Japanese shipping gained the upper hand over British shipping. In sum, a new maritime order was created in which Japanese shipping almost achieved a monopoly in the Asia-Pacific sea area, which had a great influence on China-centered Asia.
Keyword
：Britian, Japan, Asia, maritime shipping, World War II
Government Bonds and Social Conflict: A Study of the People’s Victory Bonds in Guangzhou, 1950
[Abstract]
Lai Hon Kei
PDF
99
In 1950, the Chinese Communist government issued People’s Victory Bonds (PVB) in order to solve the urgent problem of its payments imbalance. Many scholars have asserted that the bonds contributed greatly to renewing the national economy, and were thus accepted by all walks of society. But if this were the case, how can we explain the flight of merchants to Hong Kong in the early 1950s? This article is a case study of Guangzhou, which was listed as one of the targets for sale of the PVB. Through the examination of numerous newspapers and archives, it is seen that many businessmen in Guangzhou, facing unprecedented economic decline and troubled with unceasing financial demands from the CCP, refused to pay for the PVB under the practice of forced distribution. Despite the political control that the government held over them, they chose to close their offices and left Guangzhou during the payment phase in March 1950. In sum, these shortcomings of the PVB policy, which failed to fulfill its original task, serve as a good starting point for understanding the policy styles of Communist government in the 1950s.
Keyword
：government bonds, forced distribution, Guangzhou economy, policy styles
De jure and De facto Arguments in the Negotiations between the Republic of China and the International Olympic Committee: Naming in the Mexico Olympic Games, 1965-1968
[Abstract]
Chang Chi-Hsiung
PDF
149
To participate in the Olympic games was one of the Republic of China government’s main goals in joining the international society. Following its past achievements in naming itself, negotiations from 1964 to 1968 were still conducted under de jure forms. In 1965, the International Olympic Committee convened its annual meeting in Madrid and debated how the ROC’s name should be listed on the agenda. A majority voted to delay the issue until their Rome meeting. At the Rome meeting of 1966, there was a repeat of the same discussion, with a further complication, as the issues of North Korea, East Germany, and the ROC were closely related, and a heated argument ensued. A majority voted against the ROC, and the IOC president accordingly announced that there would no more discussion on the issue before the Olympic Games in 1968. At the annual meeting of the Olympic Committee held in Mexico in 1968, the model of the formal designation of North Korea was applied to the ROC, which thenceforth participated as the “Republic of China Olympic Committee,” while its “athletic area” was changed from “Taiwan” to “China, R.O.C.” Thus participating in the opening and closing ceremonies as well as the games themselves, the ROC’s diplomacy was successful. However, unintended reverse consequences were soon to come.
Keyword
：de jure discourse, de facto discourse, rectification of names, Mexico Olympic Games
Book Reviews
Wang Qisheng, Revolution,
Counter-Revolution: Politics of Republican China in Socio-cultural Perspective
Wang Chao-jan
PDF
187
Danke Li,
Echoes of Chongqing: Women in Wartime China
Lien Ling-ling
PDF
195
Li Guofang,
Entry into Big Cities: The CPC’s Maiden Attempt at Regime Building and City Management in Shijiazhuang, 1947-1949
Xia Songtao
PDF
201
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