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Home
> Publications >
Bulletin
Vol. 70
ISSN：
1029-4740
Date：
2010-12
Softcover：250 TWD
Price：
未出版
Pages：
229
Vol.：
0
Size：
16 K
Other Ordering Methods：
MH
Abstract：
This issue contains four articles: " The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis and “Return to the Mainland” Propaganda ", by Chang Su-ya; " The Daily Life and Official Career of a Zongli Yamen Secretary: Chengzhai Riji and Yang Yizhi ", by Li Wenjie;" Notes on the Holy See’s Solution to the Chinese Rites Controversy in the 1930s ", by Chen Tsung-ming;" Appealing to World Opinion: The League of Nations’ Discussion of the Mukden Incident, 1931-1933", by Huang Tzu-chin. Research and Discussion：" Several Questions on the Study of Manchu Sinicization " by Yeh Kao-shu.Book Review：" Bian Senghui, ed., Preliminary Chronological Biography of Chen Yinke " by Wong Young-tsu;" Huaiyin Li, Village Governance in North China, 1875-1936;Huaiyin Li, Village China under Socialism and Reform: A Micro History, 1948-2008" by Chen Yao-huang.
Contents
Articles
The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis and “Return to the Mainland” Propaganda
[Abstract]
Chang Su-ya
PDF
1
In the wake of the second Taiwan Strait crisis, David L. Osborn, U.S. Political Consular in Taipei, reported to the State Department that the Kuomintang had modified its basic political doctrine of “return to the mainland,” which might impact local politics. Did the Nationalist government really change its policy or only its “presentation” of the policy? This article focuses on the propaganda aspects of the policy, concluding that there were indeed new elements after the crisis. First, although the Kuomintang did not change its ultimate goal, the principle means shifted from military to political ones. Second, the “sacred mission” was presented as a long-term, instead of an immediate, effort. Third, propaganda attacking the evils of communism was supplemented with notions of preserving Chinese culture and heritage; thus did “free China” gradually make a cultural turn. These modifications were made through careful evaluation; none were hasty decisions nor compelled by the United States. Still, the “return to the mainland” policy remained a statement of real intention, not merely a claim to legitimacy, and military preparations were not abandoned.
Keyword
：Taiwan Strait Crisis, Quemoy, return to the Mainland, political counterattack, Three People’s Principles, propaganda, renouncing the use of force
The Daily Life and Official Career of a Zongli Yamen Secretary: Chengzhai Riji and Yang Yizhi
[Abstract]
Li Wenjie
PDF
51
The of Chengzhai Riji is a record of the daily life of Yang Yizhi, a Secretary (zhangjing) of the Zongli Yamen, recording events from the autumn of 1887 to the spring of 1890. This dairy displays a series of details about the ways in which the Zongli Yamen dealt with foreign affairs, as well as the daily life and the thought of its Secretaries, the men who were supposed to handle the routine affairs of the Zongli Yamen.
The ministry was founded to manage the foreign relations of the Qing dynasty, yet it had no full-time secretaries. Its part-time officials lacked knowledge of international conditions. What they were concerned about was not foreign affairs or diplomacy, but how to promote themselves to higher posts through baojiang, the reward system of the Zongli Yamen. The experience of Yang Yizhi at the Zongli Yamen suggests that this part of the bureaucratic system of the Qing Dynasty was incompatible with cultivating professional diplomatic talent.
Keyword
：Yang Yizhi, Chengzhai Riji, Zongli Yamen, secretaries (zhangjing) of the Zongli Yamen, reward system, promotion
Notes on the Holy See’s Solution to the Chinese Rites Controversy in the 1930s
[Abstract]
Chen Tsung-ming
PDF
97
After the Holy See’s decree of 1742 that prohibited the rites of homage to ancestors and Confucius (and any discussion on this issue), the problem of the Chinese rites was suspended. The suspension not only impeded the development of the Chinese Church, but also affected neighboring countries where similar rites existed. This article reexamines how the Holy See reversed its decision, putting the issue of the Chinese rites in the framework of the history of the Primitive Church and the new situation in international politics. In the 1930s, the Holy See took only seven years to resolve the problems of the traditional rites practiced in Japan, Manchuria and China.
This article begins with a description of the background of the secular tendency of the cult of Confucius and ancestors in late Qing society, which helps explain how the issue of the Chinese rites regained importance during Celso Costantini’s mission in the 1920s. Developments in Japan stimulated the Holy See to find a new solution, leading on to Manchuria, and, at the end of 1939, to the reversal of the abolition of the previous prohibitions on Chinese rites in the Chinese Church. The 1939 decree was critical for the development of the Catholic Church of the Chinese people.
Keyword
：Celso Costantini, Chinese Rites Controversy, Chinese Catholic rites, worship in Shinto shrines, wangdao in Manchuria
Appealing to World Opinion: The League of Nations’ Discussion of the Mukden Incident, 1931-1933
[Abstract]
Huang Tzu-chin
PDF
145
The League of Nations was established to bring the principle of democracy into international relations. Many League members were thus inclined to take a severe stance in September 1931 following Japan’s invasion of Chinese territories. However, from the viewpoint of permanent members of the council such as England and France, the key to maintaining peace lay in avoiding interference in another Power’s sphere of influence. Thus the League initially treated the Mukden Incident as a conflict between China and Japan that the two parties should negotiate themselves.
However, this decision was made before Japan’s surprise attack in Shanghai that threatened the Western Powers’ interests. Under these new circumstances, the Western Powers sent the conflict between Japan and China to the Assembly under Article 15. This allowed China’s appeal to finally be noticed internationally. When the League repudiated Manchukuo, Japan left the League and, deprived of this platform for international communication, Japan was forced to join forces with Germany and Italy.
Keyword
：world opinion, Leagues of Nations, Mukden Incident
Research and Discussion
Several Questions on the Study of Manchu Sinicization
[Abstract]
Yeh Kao-shu
PDF
195
How the Manchus, who established a new empire and dominated China for two hundred and sixty-eight years, “sinicized”—and even if they were “sinicized” at all—have long been a major concern to scholars of Qing studies. It is first necessary to clarify who were the real “Manchus,” who were “sinicized,” and how they were “sinicized.” The so-called “Manchus” have been equated with “bannermen” in Chinese society since the mid-twentieth century and in recent scholarship. However, it is important to consider the ethnicity of the members of the Eight Banners as well as the attitudes toward Chinese culture of its three groups: the Manchu, the Mongol and the Chinese Martial Banners. Moreover, owing to different social, economic, and cultural conditions in different garrison areas, the process of sinicization varied. Bannermen must also be classified according to at least three layers: royal members at the top, officials in the middle level, and ordinarly soldiers at the bottom. Members of different levels were affected by Chinese culture to different degrees; hence we should not generalize on the basis of single cases. Further research must determine whether individual cases of sinicization represent entire ethnic groups and social classes. The results of individual case studies must be collated, with due attention to their specific ethnic and social background, as the basis for more concrete conceptualizations of “Manchu sinicization.”
Keyword
：Manchus, sinicization, bannermen, Eight Banners
Book Reviews
Bian Senghui, ed., Preliminary Chronological Biography of Chen Yinke
Wong Young-tsu
PDF
219
Huaiyin Li, Village Governance in North China, 1875-1936;Huaiyin Li, Village China under Socialism and Reform:A Micro History, 1948-2008
Chen Yao-huang
PDF
223
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